| Distinguished Member with 41,564 posts. | | Join Date: Oct 2002 Location: Dayton,Oh | |
Furthermore....here is a more complete text of what Bronowski wrote: http://www.sisins.zju.edu.cn/iol/don...wn/history.htm Quote:
England Before the Industrial Revolution
The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark, and the labourer lived not in the sun, but in poverty and darkness. What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial, like the mill, which was already ancient in Chaucer's time. The Industrial Revolution began with such machines; the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age. James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self-made career in I733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village.
Brindley's improvements were practical: to sharpen and step up the performance of the water wheel as a machine. It was the first multi-purpose machine for the new industries. Brindley worked, for example, to improve the grinding of flints, which were used in the rising pottery industry.
Yet there was a bigger movement in the air by I750. Water had become the engineers' element, and men like Brindley were possessed by it. Water was gushing and fanning out all over the countryside. It was not simply a source of power, it was a new wave of movement. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or as it was then called, 'navigation'.
Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he travelled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines. The Duke of Bridgewater then got him to build a canal to carry coal from the Duke's pits at Worsley to the rising town of Manchester. ... Brindley went on to connect Manchester with Liverpool in an even bolder manner, and in all laid out almost four hundred miles of canals in a network all over England.
Two things were outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution. One is that the men who made the revolution were practical men. Like Brindley, they often had little education, and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind. The grammar schools legally could only teach the classical subjects for which they had been founded. The universities also (there were only two, at Oxford and Cambridge) took little interest in modern or scientific studies; and they were closed to those who did not conform to the Church of England.
The other outstanding feature is that the new inventions were for everyday use. The canals were arteries of communication: They were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges. And the barges were not made to carry luxuries, but pots and pans and bales of cloth, boxes of ribbon, and all the common things that people buy by the pennyworth. These things had been manufactured in villages which were growing into towns now, away from London; it was a country-wide trade.
(from J Bronowski, The Ascent of Man) (from J Bronowski, The Ascent of Man)
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To show how silly your accusation was>
From> http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:...ient=firefox-a Quote: |
However, the time came when the brain of some men consciously or subconsciously mutinied against this belief. Men with practical goals took up the task to turn scientific achievements into practical applications. Men like James Brindley, Josiah Wedgwood, John Wilkinson, Matthew Houlton and dozens more took advantage of the greater freedom existing in England to become "money makers" by changing the life of the poor, an existence thwarted in pigsties of horrendous poverty and hopelessness. "It is comic to think that cotton underwear and soap could work a transformation in the lives of the poor," wrote the brilliant Jacob Bronowski in his book "The Ascent of Man" (Chapter 8). "Yet these simple things - coal in an iron range, glass in the windows, a choice of food - were a wonderful rise in the standard of life and health. By our standards, the industrial towns were slums, but to the people who had come from a cottage, a house in a terrace was a liberation from hunger, from dirt, and from disease; it offered a new wealth of choice." | furthermore> Quote: |
The men that bet their money to the confidence that both poor and wealthy would buy the new products they were presenting on the market, were the businessmen. Businessmen, social benefactors of colossal dimensions, created mass markets so that every product could reach any social level, even the lowest conceivable.
| Do you actually understand this? Quote: |
Marx and Frederic Engels themselves confirmed their monstrous purpose of wanting to send men back to the prehistorical ages of ignorance, plagues and the intellectual and physical bondage of communism when they recognized, in the "Communist Manifesto", that "The bourgeoisie (the term used at their time for capitalists), by their rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most backward nations into civilization.
| Bronowski was arguing against socialism.................
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( edited: for lack of insensitivity )...........................
Last edited by iltos : 10-Nov-2009 08:43 AM.
Reason: removed duplicate sentences in long quote
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