When you were asked to start with those options and you chose one how long did you wait? Systems may take up to 5 minutes to start up to safe mode. You should get a list of "drivers" for a bit, then it should go to Windows, this is normally how Windows starts, but you get a Windows "Startup" screen instead.
Try waiting for a few minutes then see if you can get into Windows, then run a Chkdsk, which can be found by right clicking your local drive, clicking properties, then under tools press "Error-Checking."
If this doesn't work, you may need to reformat your hard drive and start with a fresh version of Windows.