The intent is to allow you to process arguments (filenames, etc.) that may contain special characters that are otherwise significant to the shell (such as asterisk ('*') or ampersand ('&'), for example). Even embedded blanks (space characters) are problematic for the shell, since normally a blank separates arguments; if you wish to treat several consecutive words as a single argument, then quotes will allow you to do so.
Naturally, the story doesn't end there -- single quotes and double quotes are treated slightly differently by the shell, and sometimes those differences become significant. However, the principle is still the same: quotes "protect" special characters from being interpreted by the shell as they normally would.
Hope this helps.
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