In order to use a pop3 client (outlook/evolution/etc) there has to be a pop3 server to answer the request. You are missing the server on your linux box. Fetchmail has collected the mail to a filesystem location but with out a server listening on port 110 ( pop3 ) your outlook will never be able to download the collected messages.
There are numerous pop3 servers available to linux, I personally use qmail written by Dan Bernstein:
http://cr.yp.to/qmail.html
But I am considering changing to postfix:
http://www.postfix.org/
you probably don't need most of the features of these two servers though so you could use pretty much anyone of the plethora of servers out there.
You may have to change how you collect your mail with fetchmail as well. You need to make sure its in a format the server expects. Other than that it should work.
ed