I was really surprised that you said there wasn't a huge range of decent laptops in your price range as I found the opposite. Then I read that you live in Australia.
I just bought a 14" Toshiba Satellite (L645D IIRC) from Walmart for my wife. I ended up returning it only because she decided the screen was too small-but this was after I'd stripped the bloatware & installed our own software so I did get some experience with it. I was impressed in many ways, but not by Toshiba's support. (Although I didn't talk to them, so my opinion is really about their support website than about their support techs.)
For <$500US this was a decent laptop. It was good enough for everyday use although not for intensive gaming (or heavy-duty processing work, e.g. programming-but I do the programming & my wife does bookkeeping & word processing so it would have been fine for her, if it had had a larger screen).
This was something of an impulse buy. I knew I needed to replace her laptop 'soon' and knew roughly what I wanted, and this looked like it'd fit the bill for a good price. Since then I've been doing more research so I've upped my requirements a little. I don't really have a specific recommendation for you since we're looking for a larger screen (15.6" minimum) but here's my thoughts on other criteria.
First, CPU. The minimum I want is either a Core i5 or an AMD Phenom II Triple-Core. The Core i5 has Turbo mode which the i3 doesn't, and it seems to just beat the pants off the Athlon II for little more cost in the final machine.
Next, HD. I'm still trying to figure out how much RPM affects performance. One drawback to the Toshiba was the 5400RPM drive. I don't think it would be a deal-killer, but I'd really prefer 7200RPM. Size isn't all that important-even most netbooks seem to have 160GB these days, which is really plenty unless you're doing video work or something like that. (I use an external drive for data so, when I checked my PC for reference I found I had about 150 programs installed but used less than 50GB of disk space.)
RAM. It's got to be upgradeable to 8GB, but I really don't want to pay for that much up front. Basically I want the upgradability to 'future-proof' the laptop although I could be convinced either way. (Sometimes I've bought a machine that's upgradeable then, when I needed the upgrade just decided to replace the whole thing. So that can go either way. I'm just enough of a pessimist to believe that if I buy a machine that *isn't* upgradeable then it's not going to be very long before I run into something that makes me want to upgrade it.) Minimum of 3GB, DDR3.
Graphics. Can't stand the Intel GMA integrated graphics even though it now comes with 64MB dedicated. IMO it slows down Windows even without playing any games. (At least with the Aero interface. I'll admit I never saw a performance hit under XP that I could attribute to this so I'll assume that if I disabled Aero I could get decent performance-but I like Aero & don't want to disable it. So I'm crazy-it works for me.)
Anyway, minimum graphics I'll consider is the integrated ATI Radeon Mobility HD 4250 with 256MB dedicated, up to 1.4GB shared. Not that I consider that great, but at least it doesn't get in the way of Windows. How much better I'd go for depends on how much extra I'd pay for it. In custom-build configurators I've seen upgrades to the Radeon HD 5650 with 1GB dedicated for $175US. Too much, IMO, as we're not heavy gamers. But I've also seen some that offer the Radeon HD 5450 with 512MB dedicated for $75US. I'd probably choose that, if it's available.
So those are my thoughts on criteria & I'll note that what I'm finding, with that criteria, are 17" notebooks under $850US. And since screen is a major factor in costs (not *the* major factor, but definitely one of them) I'm sure you can find equally good 13" notebooks for less, or better ones that are still within your price range.
I do like HP, BTW. Their support website seems better than Toshiba's & their techs seem fairly good too. (As noted I didn't use Toshiba's techs, only their web site.) How the PC's are set up is largely personal preference, and by default HP's seem to have more bloatware than Toshiba's, but I found
http://forum.notebookreview.com/ website that has a forum specifically for HP. It also has one for Toshiba but what I like about the HP forum are the model-specific step-by-step instructions for either removing the bloatware or doing a clean install of Windows 7. It greatly helped my set up my 1st Windows 7 laptop last year-an HP dv7 with a Core i7-720QM processor. It's a great laptop but, sadly for you, out of your price range. (But only by a couple of hundred dollars. Last November, when I got mine, HP was offering $500 on many custom-built systems, including the dv7. So if you can wait a few months....maybe.)