Yep. I agree with the above. If you can access the files, get them off that drive now while you can.
Either that partition is failing which is strange, or the disk itself is failing. Get your files off now.
I'm not sure if this makes sense but when you install windows, the MBR (Master Boot Record) and boot data needs to be on the main drive, the same drive that windows is on.
It sounds like the Windows files got installed to one drive, while the actual boot files got installed to your documents drive, so one drive cannot work without the other and vice versa. When you unplugged that drive, you probably screwed up the partition tables or the MBR or somehow wrote another one to the documents drive.
Now the drive or computer is confused, the fat partition is non-accessible by windows in the normal, and the partition itself is corrupted.
You need to:
#1 Get your files off while you can in any way possible.
#2 Format the documents drive with a third party formatter (not the formatter on xp cd) like this one
http://partitionlogic.org.uk/
#2 Unplug the documents drive once formatted from the cables and power.
#3 Format the windows drive.
#4 Reinstall windows so that it is on drive C: and the MBR and boot files get written to only that hard drive.
#5 Then plug in your documents drive freshly formatted, and maybe run a disk check utility to ensure the drive is not physically damaged. Then copy your files back to it.