Is there a way to get Windows 10 onto the SSD without it corrupting my HDDs?
First and foremost, IF the data is important, you make multiple backups [on separate media] ALL drives fail; it is only a question of when your drive will fail.
To move your current windows install;
1 System OFF, open the case and install the new ssd
2 Pull the pw connectors from all drives except the system drive ie the one with windows
3 PW on and use the samsung data migration tool to clone your old drive to the new drive
4 Very important. Once done with the clone, shutdown and pull the old drive out. Install the ssd to the same cable as the old system drive. Make pw connections
5 Pw ON and make sure everything works ie drive letters correct, etc. Shutdown and reconnect your other drives. Pw ON and windows will assign a drive letter to each new drive
Done.